New York Criminal Lawyer Blog

June 28, 2008

Extortion: New York’s Grand Larceny with a Twist

Whether you are in Manhattan, White Plains or Brooklyn, there is no statute titled “Extortion” in New York. Instead, Extortion is a “type” of Grand Larceny, but just a Grand Larceny none the less. In other words, an individual charged with this crime would be charged on an indictment which read Grand Larceny under the theory of Extortion.

Under Penal Law Section 155.05, larceny occurs when a person with intent to deprive another of property or appropriate the same to himself or to a third person, wrongfully takes, obtains, or withholds such property from an owner. Larceny can be conducted through numerous means including, trick, false promise, acquiring lost property, and yes, extortion.

June 26, 2008

Knowing your Rights in New York: Inquiry to Frisk

by Jeremy Saland

You are minding your own business walking down the street in Brooklyn or maybe you just walked out of J&R Music in downtown Manhattan. A police officer approaches you and starts to ask you questions. Do you have to answer? Can you walk away? Can he detain, frisk or search you? What if, a a result of this frisk, a gun, drugs, or counterfeit money is found on your person and you now face charges of Criminal Possession of a Weapon, Criminal Possession of a Controlled Substance, or Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument? Simply put, what are your rights and at what point did the police violate them?

Although an experienced criminal defense attorney will need a detailed account of the events that occurred, there is a very helpful and general guide line to follow. As set forth by the Court of Appeals in People v. DeBour, there are four levels of police intrusion. Each of these levels requires a certain basis and level of knowledge to justify or permit the police conduct. These levels are as follows:

June 24, 2008

New York Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument: Judge Rules Mere Possession Sufficient to Establish Knowledge and Intent

by Jeremy Saland

Recently, Judge Mandelbaum of the New York County (Manhattan) Criminal Court issued a decision regarding Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument in the Third Degree that is a setback for all defendants charged with Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument in the New York City area from the Bronx and Brooklyn to White Plains and Yonkers in Westchester County. Specifically, Judge Mandelbaum held on April 22, 2008, that a prosecutor does not need to allege that a defendant is aware that a New York State issued identification card in his or her possession is fake or that he or she intended to improperly use that card.

In People v. Barona, 2007NY089837, the defendant possessed a false or forged New York State Identification Card which he had in his hand. Denying the defendant’s motion to dismiss, Judge Mandelbaum theorized that “it is in-conceivable that the very person in whose name the card has ostensibly been issued would not know that the card is a forgery.” Furthermore, if a card is “legitimate,” Judge Mandelbaum asserted, common sense dictates that the person carrying it would have to know whether he applied and ultimately received the state issued card in his own name. Clearly then, “the ostensible bearer must therefore know that such a card is forged” and, therefore, it can reasonably be inferred that there was an intent to defraud or deceive because there is no other reason to possess a forged state issued card.’

June 20, 2008

New York Forged Instruments: Fake IDs, Phony Checks, Bogus Credit Cards…and Bent MetroCards too!?!

by Jeremy Saland

There is little dispute that if you use a fake identification to rent a car in Manhattan, a bogus credit card to make a purchase at a supermarket in the Bronx, or a phony check to make a payment on an account in White Plains (Westchester County), you run a real risk of being charged with Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument, a felony. Well, what if that “forged instrument” is a MetroCard being used to swipe a turnstile in Brooklyn? New York State Penal Law Section 170.25, Criminal Possession of a Forged Instrument in the Second Degree, establishes that if a person possesses a forged instrument, with knowledge it is forged and with intent to defraud, deceive, or injure another, that person may be guilty of this crime if he or she possesses a forged instrument of a kind specified in New York State Penal Law Section 170.10, Forgery in the Second Degree.

Instead of diving head first into this entire section, Penal Law Section 170.10(4) sets forth that if a person makes, completes or alters a written instrument which purports to be or represent if a completed a “part of an issue of tokens, public transportation transfers, certificates or other articles manufactured and designed for use as symbols of value usable in place of money for the purchase of property or services,” they are guilty of Forgery in the Second Degree.

June 17, 2008

Mount Kisco Police Officer George Bubaris: Not Guilty of Manslaughter and Criminally Negligent Homicide

by Jeremy Saland

Mount Kisco (Westchester County) police officer George Bubaris was acquitted of the charges of Manslaughter and Criminally Negligent Homicide in White Plains. The case has divided communities and received significant media attention due to the exposure of the issues that exist between immigrant communities throughout New York and local law enforcement.

The case began after Rene Perez, a homeless and undocumented immigrant from Guatemala, died in April 2007. Prosecutors claimed that Mr. Perez died as a result of an abdominal injury sustained by Officer Burbaris. The defense, on the other hand, argued that it was the Mr. Perez’s life style that caused the injuries. Although there was no dispute as to the injury that ultimately caused the death of Mr. Perez, the prosecution and the defense argued not only as to who caused the injury, but when it occurred. Clearly, the defense was able to persuade the jury that there was reasonable doubt as to this critical point and Officer Burbaris’ actions.

June 12, 2008

Criminal Defense – Identiy Theft in New York: Prosecution in a County Where the Criminal Transaction Did not Take Place

by Jeremy Saland

You are charged in Manhattan with Identity Theft (Penal Law Sections 190.78, 190.79, and 190.80) or Unlawful Possession of Personal Identification Information (Penal Law 190.81, 190.82 and 190.83), but you reside in Brooklyn and the alleged criminal transactions occurred in the Bronx, White Plains and Yonkers. Well, how is the Manhattan (New York County) District Attorney’s Office prosecuting you for these crimes if you never stepped one foot in that jurisdiction? The answer, albeit not a pleasing one, is simple.

Criminal Procedure Law Section 20.40(4)(l) permits any county to prosecute an offense of this nature if any of the offense took place in that county regardless of whether the defendant was actually present there. Moreover, if the victim who suffered financial loss resided in that county at the time of the criminal transaction, then the county where the victim resided would also be able to prosecute a defendant even if the defendant was never present. Lastly, even if the victim suffered no loss, whatever county the victim resided in at the time his or her personal identifying information was used would also be a viable location to bring the criminal action against the defendant. For example, if a victim’s credit card is used online to purchase clothes from Bloomingdales in NY, the victim resided in the Bronx at the time his or her information was used, and the defendant used the information on his computer in Queens, each county would be able to prosecute the defendant for the crime of Identity Theft.

June 9, 2008

Brooklyn Robbery Charge: Simple Mistake Leads to Huge Consequences

by Jeremy Saland

As a former prosecutor in the Manhattan (New York County) District Attorney’s Office and one of the first Assistant District Attorneys in the Identity Theft Unit, I have seen a significant amount of outright stupid moves that have resulted in arrests for crimes ranging from Assault and Gun Possession to Criminal Possession of Stolen Credit Cards and Criminal Possession of Forged Instruments. Recently, in Brooklyn Supreme Court, a defendant was unable to convince the Court that that his arrest for Robbery was not supported by probable cause and that the knife recovered from his person violated his constitutional rights. His arrest and legal problems came to be because the defendant was just not thinking.

Back in January 2006, the defendant was on a subway platform urinating – the “boneheaded” move. Seeing that the defendant was violating both the Penal Law and New York City’s Administrative Code, an officer approached him and asked for identification. The defendant produced identification and later stated he was on parole. The officer then asked if the defendant had anything on him that could hurt him and the defendant produced a carpet knife. Alarmed, the officer then cuffed the defendant.

June 6, 2008

NY Reckless Endangerment: Building Climbers and Jumpers Alain Robert, Renaldo Clarke and Jebb Corliss

by Jeremy Saland

Alain Robert and Renaldo Clarke are not the first and probably not the last people to scale a large building or historical landmark in New York. Nor are they the first people to need the assistance of an experienced criminal defense attorney to get them out of a serious predicament in Manhattan. In fact, not too long ago, Jebb Corliss attempted to leap from Empire State Building. From a personal standpoint, climbing buildings and BASE jumping is certainly an intimidating (dare I say crazy?) proposition, but from a legal standpoint, what, if any, crimes are committed in New York State when an individual is arrested for these acts? If recent history is any indication, the most serious offense that prosecutors try to pursue is the charge of Reckless Endangerment.

Penal Law ､ 120.25, Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree, is a felony punishable by up to seven years in state prison. A person is guilty of Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person. A person is guilty of Reckless Endangerment in the Second Degree, Penal Law ､ 120.20, when he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of serious physical injury to another person. So, the question is simple (or maybe not!)….Did these stunts fall into the terms of either statute?

June 3, 2008

Not Guilty of Assault: Manhattan Case of Christoper Carter and Stuart Sugarman

by Jeremy Saland

Christoper Carter was acquitted in New York County (Manhattan) Criminal Court after a jury found the prosecution did not prove he committed the crime of Assault in the Third Degree, a misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail, beyond a reasonable doubt.

While many people know the basics about this story, the case is centered around an altercation at a sports club. Stuart Sugarman and Christopher Carter were both members of Equinox, a gym in New York. During a spin class Sugarman became loud and apparently rude. To quiet him down, Carter allegedly lifted Sugarman’s bike and /Sugarman hit the wall, fell to the floor, and damaged discs in his back. As a result of this incident, the police and Manhattan District Attorney’s Office charged Carter with Assault in the Third Degree.

June 2, 2008

Tatum O’Neal: Criminal Possession of a Controlled Substance 7th Degree – Possession of Crack-Cocaine

by Jeremy Saland

*** For further information regarding an arrest or issuance of a Desk Appearance Ticket for Criminal Possession of a Controlled Substance in the 7th Degree (NY Penal Law 220.03), and your criminal defense, please review the articles on drug quantity, constructive possession of drugs and the necessity of a laboratory analysis by law enforcement***

New York State has multiple degrees of drug possession offenses when an individual is accused of possessing a controlled substance. Mere possession in New York, whether it is in Manhattan, White Plains, Brooklyn or the Bronx, is at least a misdemeanor regardless of your purpose of having the drugs. In other words, having any amount of crack, heroin, cocaine, or other drugs, is punishable a by up to one year in jail even if you possessed it for personal use. Depending on the weight of the drugs and your intent, the crime can be prosecuted as Criminal Possession of a Controlled Substance in the First Degree punishable by a significant term of imprisonment. For the purposes of this entry, we will discuss only Penal Law Section 220.03, Criminal Possession of a Controlled Substance in the Seventh Degree.